Machine to test materials, principally for compression.



No. 857,613. PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907. A. GAGARINE.

MACHINE TO TEST MATERIAILS, PRINGIPALLY FORCOMPRESSION. APPLICATIONFILED AUGA, 1906.

WITNESSES N VE N 70H 46 7x. mozm ATTORNEY rm: mamas FE iRS co.. wuumcnmn c compression.

material tested Fig. 3 is a front view of ANDREW GAGARINE, OF ST.PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

MACHINE TO TEST MATERIALS, PRINCIPALLY FOR COMPRESSION- Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented June 25, 1907.

Application filed August 4,1906- Serial No. 329,214.

T0 ctZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREW GAGARINE, a subject of the Emperor of Russia,residing at St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Machines to Test Materials, Principally for Compression;and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the accom panyingdrawing.

The present invention has for its object a machine to test materials,principally for The construction of the machine proposed is shown on theannexed drawing, Figure 1 representing a vertical section of the same;Fig. 2 is a plan of the arrangement for adjusting and centering thesample of the the differential transmission, actuated by clock-work;Fig. 4 is an arrangement with the aid of which the machine may maketests of materials for tensile strength; F 5 is an arrangement with theaid of which the machine may serve to test materials for bending strain.

The machine proposed consists of two stands, of which only the rearstand d is shown in Fig. 1 of the annexed drawing. These stands areconnected by two crosspieces 0 and b and the strain produced in testingmaterials tends to push them apart from one another. Besides this, thereis a third cross-piece 0 which, together with cross-piece 1), serves todirect screw f. For this purpose a tubular part 1), projects fromcross-piece 1), inside which is located the upper part of the stem ofscrew f. The lower part of this screw is surrounded by washer cfurnished with a screw wheel 761, which is revolved with the aid of aworm it, from some kind of engine. A drum 00 with ruled pa or is fixedon nut 7c.

turning nut is it presses by means of balls 1), into the lower end oftube 1), of crosspiece 6 and forces down screw f, which is ept fromturning with the aid of a key and key-way and screw f compresses thesample of the material tested 9 with some determined strain P.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 serves to adjust and center the sampleon the upper surface or table of plate h. This arrangement consists ofhinged lever Z and Z ending in the shape of lugs n, and 7b,. The ends oflevers Z and Z are connected hingewise with stem 19,, ending in theshape of a button Q1, which is continually drawn back by a flat spring13. For inserting the sample of the material tested into the machine itis pressed between lugs n, and n, and then the whole arrangement is slidwith edges '5 and i, on the plate or table it. hen this arrangement hasslid to the end, the sample of material 9 will occupy such a positionthat its axle will correspond with the axle of screw f. After that, onpressing 9,, with the finger, lugs n, and n, are carefully withdrawnfrom sample 9 and the whole arrangement is then drawn back, leavingsample 9 on the spot.

The lower semi-cylindrical surface of plate it rests on cycle balls (theupper row). The balls distribute the strain of P. on the uppersemi-cylindrical bent-in surface of part t of lever j. The lower side ofpart "i, is made hollow and rests on the lower row of cycle balls,transmitting pressure on the lining, forming part of cross-piece 0. Tworows of balls form a compression, but not a bending of part i, whichwould change the dimensions of amount 6 referred to later.

Axle a of the u per bent-in surface of part i and axle 0 of tl fe hollowlower surface are on horizontal level with the lever and areperpendicular to its vertical plane. The distance between them, a 0 eforms a small shoulder of the lever, as axle 0 is rigid, whereas theresultant force, transmitted to the lever by the upper row of balls isequal to P., which has a vertical direction, is applied to axle a andtends to lower same.

Lever j is held in horizontal position by moving away weight 1) adistance Z, the weight named traveling along its long shoulder,establishing an equilibrium P. e= Z.

Counterweight n serves to hold the lever in horizontal position in thecase when the machine does not develop any strain and when weight 1).stands on zero. This weight consists of several parts, of which certainparts p are movable and others g may remain on zero or be placed on somedetermined division. Owing to this, there is a possibility of measuringthe strain in different scales without touching counterweight n, as theamount of the weights 1) and g remains constant.

The end of the long shoulder of the lever swings between two adjustingscrews m and m Two flexible plates .2, and 2 fastened to this end, stopthe movement of one clockwork mechanism a a, u, u a a u to, oranascertain the limit of elasticity of the material tested with ease andaccuracy. As this limit is equal to the maximum strain, which mechanismsrevolves wheels u, and i in rewas applied to the material before it wasverse directions. The mechanisms are con 1 placed into the proposedmachine (press), nected by a differential transmission, bring l thelatter can determine exactly the unabout the movement of chain if eitherin one known strains, which the sample of material or the otherdirection. Movable weight 1) I underwent preliminarily, such asunpressed (Fig. 1) may be connected at any moment crusher cylinders forinstance. with this chain by means of stem 1, which The machine proposedmay be used for may be drawn out. At the same time weight testingmaterials for tensile strength with p is carried by thechain to the spotwhere an the aid of an ordinary arrangement repreother clock-workmechanism 0%,, of which only wheel Q27 is shown 1n Flg. 1 and only wheel1), in Fig. 3. The movement of these equilibrium is established withstrain P. At sented in Fig. 4 or for bending with the aid of this momentthe lever occupies a horizontal the arrangement shown in Fig. 5.position, both clock-work mechanisms travel Claim: at the same time inreverse directions and 1 Machine for testing materials comprising, themovement of weight 1) stops. in combination with the testing mechanism,When strain P. changes, weight 2) watches a lever, a semi-circularshoulder thereon, a these changes and moves automatically intoball-bearing for supporting said shoulder, a a position in which itequalizes strain P. It counterweight to balance the said lever, a drawsstring t,, which raises pen 8 on drum at, l traveling weight on saidlever, a clock work fixed with a small amount of friction on nut k.String t surrounds the differential pulley K y, which is calculated insuch a way that the kilograms of pressure should correspond to l formoving the same, means for applying the test force to said lever, adrum, means for revolving said drum in accordance with the yieldingmovement of the specimen tested, a pen, a diflerential pulley and aconnection between said pen and said traveling weight.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANDREW GAGARINE.

whole millimeters of the height of the rise of pen 8. This height isproportional to the strains P. and the horizontal movement of thesurface of the drum, as regards the pen, is proportional to the loweringof the screw and the decrease 01 the height of the beam (sample) underthe action of screw Thus a diagram of large scale is obtained on thedrum, with the aid of which it is possible to l Witnesses:

H. A. LOVIAGUINE, EDWARD WANvcLEmr.

